Ethics and Moral Philosophy: Consequentialism, Deontology, and Virtue Ethics

Abstract

This article examines three central frameworks in normative ethics: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. It explains how each theory defines moral rightness through outcomes, duties, or character, while also addressing their major objections and contemporary relevance. The article argues that these frameworks should not be viewed only as rivals, but as complementary approaches that illuminate different dimensions of moral judgment and ethical life.